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3GPP Release 18 Wake-up Receiver: Feature Overview and Evaluations

Andreas Hoglund, Mohammad Mozaffari, Yanpeng Yang, Giuseppe Moschetti, Kittipong Kittichokechai, Ravikiran Nory

TL;DR

This paper surveys 3GPP Release 18’s Wake-up Receiver (WUR) concept for energy-efficient IoT in NR, detailing architectures (RF envelope detector vs on-chip LO Zero-IF) and two WUS waveforms (OFDM-based and OOK-based). It evaluates coverage, UE energy savings, and network overhead, showing OFDM-based WUS offers the best coverage and lowest overhead while enabling substantial idle power reductions (≈90%), whereas OOK-based WUS, though simpler and lower in active energy, requires more transmission resources. The study discusses procedure implications for Idle/Inactive and Connected modes, including WUR monitoring timing and duty cycling versus continuous operation. Overall, the Release 18 results indicate a favorable balance toward OFDM-based WUS for practical deployments, with Release 19 expected to规范ize WUR measurement and synchronization details (WID).

Abstract

Enhancing the energy efficiency of devices stands as one of the key requirements in the fifth-generation (5G) cellular network and its evolutions toward the next generation wireless technology. Specifically, for battery-limited Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices where downlink monitoring significantly contributes to energy consumption, efficient solutions are required for power saving while addressing performance tradeoffs. In this regard, the use of a low-power wake-up receiver (WUR) and wake-up signal (WUS) is an attractive solution for reducing the energy consumption of devices without compromising the downlink latency. This paper provides an overview of the standardization study on the design of low-power WUR and WUS within Release 18 of the third-generation partnership project (3GPP). We describe design principles, receiver architectures, waveform characteristics, and device procedures upon detection of WUS. In addition, we provide representative results to show the performance of the WUR in terms of power saving, coverage, and network overhead along with highlighting design tradeoffs.

3GPP Release 18 Wake-up Receiver: Feature Overview and Evaluations

TL;DR

This paper surveys 3GPP Release 18’s Wake-up Receiver (WUR) concept for energy-efficient IoT in NR, detailing architectures (RF envelope detector vs on-chip LO Zero-IF) and two WUS waveforms (OFDM-based and OOK-based). It evaluates coverage, UE energy savings, and network overhead, showing OFDM-based WUS offers the best coverage and lowest overhead while enabling substantial idle power reductions (≈90%), whereas OOK-based WUS, though simpler and lower in active energy, requires more transmission resources. The study discusses procedure implications for Idle/Inactive and Connected modes, including WUR monitoring timing and duty cycling versus continuous operation. Overall, the Release 18 results indicate a favorable balance toward OFDM-based WUS for practical deployments, with Release 19 expected to规范ize WUR measurement and synchronization details (WID).

Abstract

Enhancing the energy efficiency of devices stands as one of the key requirements in the fifth-generation (5G) cellular network and its evolutions toward the next generation wireless technology. Specifically, for battery-limited Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices where downlink monitoring significantly contributes to energy consumption, efficient solutions are required for power saving while addressing performance tradeoffs. In this regard, the use of a low-power wake-up receiver (WUR) and wake-up signal (WUS) is an attractive solution for reducing the energy consumption of devices without compromising the downlink latency. This paper provides an overview of the standardization study on the design of low-power WUR and WUS within Release 18 of the third-generation partnership project (3GPP). We describe design principles, receiver architectures, waveform characteristics, and device procedures upon detection of WUS. In addition, we provide representative results to show the performance of the WUR in terms of power saving, coverage, and network overhead along with highlighting design tradeoffs.
Paper Structure (12 sections, 5 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 12 sections, 5 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Low Power Wake-up Receiver And Signal
  3. WUR Architecture
  4. Wake-up Signal Design
  5. OFDM-based WUS
  6. OOK-based WUS
  7. Procedures Mobility Measurements
  8. Performance Evaluation Results
  9. Coverage
  10. UE Energy Consumption Reduction
  11. Signaling Overhead and Network Energy Consumption
  12. Conclusions

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: (a) Schematic of on-chip LO Zero-IF architecture. (b) Schematic of OFDM architecture.
  • Figure 2: Example of generating an OOK waveform with an OFDM transmitter.
  • Figure 3: Illustration of WUR monitoring procedure and UE power consumption.
  • Figure 4: Link-budget performance of WUS and reference channels.
  • Figure 5: UE energy consumption for different cases.