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Voltage Restoration in MVDC Shipboard Microgrids with Economic Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

Saskia Putri, Ali Hosseinipour, Xiaoyu Ge, Faegheh Moazeni, Javad Khazaei

TL;DR

The paper tackles voltage regulation and power sharing in MVDC shipboard microgrids subject to CPLs and fast PPL transients. It develops a nonlinear model predictive control framework with a complex droop architecture and a reduced-order MVDC model to capture essential nonlinear dynamics while enforcing constraints. Two case studies compare centralized versus economic deltaV signaling, demonstrating precise voltage tracking, rapid stabilization, and significant economic savings. The proposed NMPC approach provides a robust, closed-loop strategy for resilient operation of naval MVDC microgrids with hybrid energy storage during challenging load profiles.

Abstract

Future Naval Microgrids (MGs) will include hybrid energy storage systems (ESS), including battery and supercapacitors to respond to emerging constant power loads (CPLs) and fluctuating pulsed power loads (PPLs). Voltage regulation of naval microgrids and power sharing among these resources become critical for success of a mission. This paper presents a novel control strategy using nonlinear model predictive controller embedded with a complex droop control architecture for voltage restoration and power sharing in medium voltage DC (MVDC) Naval MGs. The complex droop control ensures allocating supercapacitors (SCs) for high-frequency loads (i.e., PPLs), while battery energy storage system (BESS) and auxiliary generators share the steady-state load (i.e., CPL). Compared to state-of-the-art control of the naval ship MGs that relies on linear models, the proposed method incorporates the nonlinear behavior of the MGs in the closed-loop control framework via nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). A reduced order representation of the MVDC dynamic is employed as the prediction model, augmented with a multi-objective, constraints-based, optimal control formulation. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control framework for voltage restoration and power sharing of resources in naval MGs.

Voltage Restoration in MVDC Shipboard Microgrids with Economic Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

TL;DR

The paper tackles voltage regulation and power sharing in MVDC shipboard microgrids subject to CPLs and fast PPL transients. It develops a nonlinear model predictive control framework with a complex droop architecture and a reduced-order MVDC model to capture essential nonlinear dynamics while enforcing constraints. Two case studies compare centralized versus economic deltaV signaling, demonstrating precise voltage tracking, rapid stabilization, and significant economic savings. The proposed NMPC approach provides a robust, closed-loop strategy for resilient operation of naval MVDC microgrids with hybrid energy storage during challenging load profiles.

Abstract

Future Naval Microgrids (MGs) will include hybrid energy storage systems (ESS), including battery and supercapacitors to respond to emerging constant power loads (CPLs) and fluctuating pulsed power loads (PPLs). Voltage regulation of naval microgrids and power sharing among these resources become critical for success of a mission. This paper presents a novel control strategy using nonlinear model predictive controller embedded with a complex droop control architecture for voltage restoration and power sharing in medium voltage DC (MVDC) Naval MGs. The complex droop control ensures allocating supercapacitors (SCs) for high-frequency loads (i.e., PPLs), while battery energy storage system (BESS) and auxiliary generators share the steady-state load (i.e., CPL). Compared to state-of-the-art control of the naval ship MGs that relies on linear models, the proposed method incorporates the nonlinear behavior of the MGs in the closed-loop control framework via nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). A reduced order representation of the MVDC dynamic is employed as the prediction model, augmented with a multi-objective, constraints-based, optimal control formulation. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control framework for voltage restoration and power sharing of resources in naval MGs.
Paper Structure (10 sections, 5 equations, 9 figures, 1 table, 1 algorithm)

This paper contains 10 sections, 5 equations, 9 figures, 1 table, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. MVDC NAVY SHIPBOARD MICROGRIDS
  3. Proposed model description
  4. Reduced order model representation of the MVDC shipboard microgrids
  5. State space model
  6. NONLINEAR MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL FRAMEWORK
  7. CASE STUDIES
  8. Case study 1 (CS-I): NMPC with centralized auxiliary voltage restoration signal ($\delta V^c$)
  9. Case study 2 (CS-II): Economic NMPC with localized auxiliary voltage restoration signals ($\delta V^l_i$)
  10. CONCLUSIONS

Figures (9)

  • Figure 1: Proposed layout of the management of the MVDC shipboard power system (SPS)
  • Figure 2: Equivalent circuit of the proposed MVDC shipboard microgrids
  • Figure 3: Load profile of the MVDC shipboard MGs with onboard pulsed power loads (PPL) and constant power loads (CPL).
  • Figure 4: Power balance of the MVDC shipboard MGs under primary control and $\delta V^c$-NMPC integration.
  • Figure 5: CS-I: Output voltage of the MVDC shipboard MG when using only primary control versus nonlinear MPC.
  • ...and 4 more figures