Software Architecture Challenges in Integrating Hybrid Classical-Quantum Systems

TL;DR

The paper addresses the challenges of integrating hybrid classical-quantum systems, focusing on how to reconcile the noise and skill gaps of NISQ devices with existing software ecosystems. It analyzes architectural implications across the software development lifecycle, emphasizing design choices for quantum components, data mapping, and asynchronous, resource-aware operation, as well as operational concerns like backend coupling and dynamic hardware allocation. Concrete approaches include separating quantum backends from general code, leveraging orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes, and prototyping with tools like Cirq, Qiskit, and TensorFlow Quantum. The authors advocate collaborative, user-driven exploration (e.g., with the HELMI quantum computer) to address integration barriers and chart practical deployment steps for hybrid systems.

Abstract

The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations exponentially imply better performance and efficiency for certain algorithmic tasks than current computers provide. However, to gain benefit from such improvement, quantum computers must be integrated with existing software systems, a process that is not straightforward. In this paper, we investigate challenges that emerge from building larger hybrid classical-quantum computers, and discuss some approaches that could be employed to overcome these challenges.

Figures (2)

• Figure 1: Software development lifecycle of a hybrid classical-quantum system
• Figure 2: Quantum computing model: components and interfaces