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Diamonds: Homology and the Central Series of Groups

Milana Golich, D. B. McReynolds

Abstract

We establish an analog of a theorem of Stallings which asserts the homomorphisms between the universal nilpotent quotients induced by a homomorphism $G \to H$ of groups are isomorphisms provided a pair of homological conditions are satisfied. Our analogy does not have a homomorphism between $G$ and $H$ but instead $G,H \leq G_0$ that satisfies a similar homological condition. We derive a few applications of this result. First, we show that there exist pairs of non-isomorphic number fields whose absolute Galois groups have isomorphic universal nilpotent quotients. We show that there exists pairs of non-isometric hyperbolic $n$-manifolds whose fundamental groups are residually nilpotent and have isomorphic universal nilpotent quotients. These are the first examples of residually nilpotent Kleinian groups with arbitrarily large nilpotent genus. Complex hyperbolic 2-manifold examples are given as well. Considering Riemann surfaces and complex hyperbolic 2-manifolds as projective curves and surfaces defined over a number field, we show the (outer) action of the absolute Galois group of the field of definition on the universal nilpotent quotients of the geometric fundamental groups are equivalent. This is in contrast to fact that the (outer) Galois action on the geometric fundamental group of a projective hyperbolic curve determines the curve by work of Mochizuki. In particular, the nilpotent representation theory of the geometric fundamental group is not anabelian.

Diamonds: Homology and the Central Series of Groups

Abstract

We establish an analog of a theorem of Stallings which asserts the homomorphisms between the universal nilpotent quotients induced by a homomorphism of groups are isomorphisms provided a pair of homological conditions are satisfied. Our analogy does not have a homomorphism between and but instead that satisfies a similar homological condition. We derive a few applications of this result. First, we show that there exist pairs of non-isomorphic number fields whose absolute Galois groups have isomorphic universal nilpotent quotients. We show that there exists pairs of non-isometric hyperbolic -manifolds whose fundamental groups are residually nilpotent and have isomorphic universal nilpotent quotients. These are the first examples of residually nilpotent Kleinian groups with arbitrarily large nilpotent genus. Complex hyperbolic 2-manifold examples are given as well. Considering Riemann surfaces and complex hyperbolic 2-manifolds as projective curves and surfaces defined over a number field, we show the (outer) action of the absolute Galois group of the field of definition on the universal nilpotent quotients of the geometric fundamental groups are equivalent. This is in contrast to fact that the (outer) Galois action on the geometric fundamental group of a projective hyperbolic curve determines the curve by work of Mochizuki. In particular, the nilpotent representation theory of the geometric fundamental group is not anabelian.
Paper Structure (20 sections, 20 theorems, 11 equations)

This paper contains 20 sections, 20 theorems, 11 equations.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Applications
  3. Hyperbolic geometry
  4. Absolute Galois groups of number fields
  5. Algebraic and geometric fundamental groups of curves and surfaces
  6. Main Result
  7. Diamond version of Stallings
  8. Coset equivalence
  9. Acknowledgments.
  10. Cohomology and Central Extensions
  11. Proof of Theorem \ref{['T12']}
  12. Base Case
  13. Isomorphism in the Second Step Nilpotent Quotients
  14. Inductive Step
  15. Proof of Theorem \ref{['T12']}
  16. ...and 5 more sections

Key Result

Theorem 1.1

Let $k>1$, $n \geq 3$, and $\mathcal{C}$ be a commensurability class of compact (or complete with finite volume), large non-arithmetic hyperbolic $n$--orbifolds. For any $M_0 \in \mathcal{C}$, there exists pair-wise non-isometric, finite covers $M_1,\dots,M_k \to M_0$ such that

Theorems & Definitions (31)

  • Theorem 1.1
  • Corollary 1.2
  • Remark 1
  • Remark 2
  • Theorem 1.3
  • Corollary 1.4
  • Corollary 1.5
  • Remark 3
  • Remark 4
  • Corollary 1.6
  • ...and 21 more