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Automation and AI Technology in Surface Mining With a Brief Introduction to Open-Pit Operations in the Pilbara

Raymond Leung, Andrew J Hill, Arman Melkumyan

Abstract

This survey article provides a synopsis on some of the engineering problems, technological innovations, robotic development and automation efforts encountered in the mining industry -- particularly in the Pilbara iron-ore region of Western Australia. The goal is to paint the technology landscape and highlight issues relevant to an engineering audience to raise awareness of AI and automation trends in mining. It assumes the reader has no prior knowledge of mining and builds context gradually through focused discussion and short summaries of common open-pit mining operations. The principal activities that take place may be categorized in terms of resource development, mine-, rail- and port operations. From mineral exploration to ore shipment, there are roughly nine steps in between. These include: geological assessment, mine planning and development, production drilling and assaying, blasting and excavation, transportation of ore and waste, crush and screen, stockpile and load-out, rail network distribution, and ore-car dumping. The objective is to describe these processes and provide insights on some of the challenges/opportunities from the perspective of a decade-long industry-university R&D partnership.

Automation and AI Technology in Surface Mining With a Brief Introduction to Open-Pit Operations in the Pilbara

Abstract

This survey article provides a synopsis on some of the engineering problems, technological innovations, robotic development and automation efforts encountered in the mining industry -- particularly in the Pilbara iron-ore region of Western Australia. The goal is to paint the technology landscape and highlight issues relevant to an engineering audience to raise awareness of AI and automation trends in mining. It assumes the reader has no prior knowledge of mining and builds context gradually through focused discussion and short summaries of common open-pit mining operations. The principal activities that take place may be categorized in terms of resource development, mine-, rail- and port operations. From mineral exploration to ore shipment, there are roughly nine steps in between. These include: geological assessment, mine planning and development, production drilling and assaying, blasting and excavation, transportation of ore and waste, crush and screen, stockpile and load-out, rail network distribution, and ore-car dumping. The objective is to describe these processes and provide insights on some of the challenges/opportunities from the perspective of a decade-long industry-university R&D partnership.
Paper Structure (16 sections, 6 figures, 3 tables)

This paper contains 16 sections, 6 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Foreword
  2. Overview
  3. Processes in the mining chain
  4. Research in automation of current mining practices
  5. Technologies and insights
  6. Concluding remarks
  7. Acknowledgments
  8. Picture credits

Figures (6)

  • Figure 1: Overview of open-pit iron ore mining operations in the Pilbara (adapted from rt-pilbara-mining-process)
  • Figure 2: Machines that Sense, Think and Act --- examples of automation in open-pit mining.
  • Figure 3: Major themes in mining lifecycle
  • Figure 4: Conceptualization of theme 2: pit design (left) and themes 5-6: vehicle dispatch, trains and mine planning (right)
  • Figure 5: A mining-oriented blast-hole inspection robot. (a) System assembly, (b) mechanical parts, (c) vision+LiDAR sonde, (d) LiDAR, (e) radar hardware.
  • ...and 1 more figures