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The Pantheon+ Analysis: The Full Dataset and Light-Curve Release

Dan Scolnic, Dillon Brout, Anthony Carr, Adam G. Riess, Tamara M. Davis, Arianna Dwomoh, David O. Jones, Noor Ali, Pranav Charvu, Rebecca Chen, Erik R. Peterson, Brodie Popovic, Benjamin M. Rose, Charlotte Wood, Peter J. Brown, Ken Chambers, David A. Coulter, Kyle G. Dettman, Georgios Dimitriadis, Alexei V. Filippenko, Ryan J. Foley, Saurabh W. Jha, Charles D. Kilpatrick, Robert P. Kirshner, Yen-Chen Pan, Armin Rest, Cesar Rojas-Bravo, Matthew R. Siebert, Benjamin E. Stahl, WeiKang Zheng

TL;DR

Pantheon+ addresses the challenge of constraining cosmology with a unified, cross-calibrated Type Ia supernova sample spanning $z\approx0$ to $z\approx2.3$. The approach compiles 1701 light curves from 18 surveys, including extensive low-$z$ data, and implements cross-survey photometric recalibration to enable a joint analysis of $w$ and $H_0$, while testing consistency with SN siblings. The work emphasizes data-release standardization, calibration offsets, and integration with companion analyses to deliver precise measurements of the expansion history and the distance ladder. Overall, Pantheon+ advances SN cosmology by providing a large, well-calibrated, multi-survey dataset designed for robust cross-checks and high-precision constraints, targeting $w$ at about 3% and $H_0$ at about 1 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$.

Abstract

Here we present 1701 light curves of 1550 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that will be used to infer cosmological parameters as part of the Pantheon+ SN analysis and the SH0ES (Supernovae and H0 for the Equation of State of dark energy) distance-ladder analysis. This effort is one part of a series of works that perform an extensive review of redshifts, peculiar velocities, photometric calibration, and intrinsic-scatter models of SNe Ia. The total number of light curves, which are compiled across 18 different surveys, is a significant increase from the first Pantheon analysis (1048 SNe), particularly at low redshift ($z$). Furthermore, unlike in the Pantheon analysis, we include light curves for SNe with $z<0.01$ such that SN systematic covariance can be included in a joint measurement of the Hubble constant (H$_0$) and the dark energy equation-of-state parameter ($w$). We use the large sample to compare properties of 151 SNe Ia observed by multiple surveys and 12 pairs/triplets of "SN siblings" - SNe found in the same host galaxy. Distance measurements, application of bias corrections, and inference of cosmological parameters are discussed in the companion paper by Brout et al. (2022b), and the determination of H$_0$ is discussed by Riess et al. (2022). These analyses will measure w with $\sim3\%$ precision and H$_0$ with 1 km/s/Mpc precision.

The Pantheon+ Analysis: The Full Dataset and Light-Curve Release

TL;DR

Pantheon+ addresses the challenge of constraining cosmology with a unified, cross-calibrated Type Ia supernova sample spanning to . The approach compiles 1701 light curves from 18 surveys, including extensive low- data, and implements cross-survey photometric recalibration to enable a joint analysis of and , while testing consistency with SN siblings. The work emphasizes data-release standardization, calibration offsets, and integration with companion analyses to deliver precise measurements of the expansion history and the distance ladder. Overall, Pantheon+ advances SN cosmology by providing a large, well-calibrated, multi-survey dataset designed for robust cross-checks and high-precision constraints, targeting at about 3% and at about 1 km s Mpc.

Abstract

Here we present 1701 light curves of 1550 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that will be used to infer cosmological parameters as part of the Pantheon+ SN analysis and the SH0ES (Supernovae and H0 for the Equation of State of dark energy) distance-ladder analysis. This effort is one part of a series of works that perform an extensive review of redshifts, peculiar velocities, photometric calibration, and intrinsic-scatter models of SNe Ia. The total number of light curves, which are compiled across 18 different surveys, is a significant increase from the first Pantheon analysis (1048 SNe), particularly at low redshift (). Furthermore, unlike in the Pantheon analysis, we include light curves for SNe with such that SN systematic covariance can be included in a joint measurement of the Hubble constant (H) and the dark energy equation-of-state parameter (). We use the large sample to compare properties of 151 SNe Ia observed by multiple surveys and 12 pairs/triplets of "SN siblings" - SNe found in the same host galaxy. Distance measurements, application of bias corrections, and inference of cosmological parameters are discussed in the companion paper by Brout et al. (2022b), and the determination of H is discussed by Riess et al. (2022). These analyses will measure w with precision and H with 1 km/s/Mpc precision.
Paper Structure (2 sections, 1 figure)

This paper contains 2 sections, 1 figure.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Data

Figures (1)

  • Figure 1: (Top:) The redshift distribution of the Pantheon+ sample that passes all the light-curve requirements, as well as the same for the JLA and Pantheon samples. The largest increase in the number of SNe for the Pantheon+ sample is at low redshift owing to the addition of the Foundation, LOSS1, LOSS2, SOUSA, and CNIa0.2 samples. The largest increase at higher redshift is due to the inclusion of the DES 3-year sample. We do not use SNe from SNLS at $z>0.8$ due to sensitivity to the $U$-band in model training, so the Pantheon+ statistics between $0.8<z<1.0$ are lower than that of Pantheon and JLA. (Bottom:) The Pantheon+ redshift diagram shown cumulatively by survey.