Deformation Theory for Finite Cluster Complexes
Nathan Ilten, Alfredo Nájera Chávez, Hipolito Treffinger
TL;DR
This work develops a deformation-theoretic framework for Stanley-Reisner rings of cluster complexes associated to finite, skew-symmetric cluster algebras. It proves unobstructedness of cluster complexes in the skew-symmetric finite-type setting and explicates the first-order deformation space via seed data and links. A central contribution is the establishment of a deep link between cluster algebras with universal coefficients and multigraded Hilbert schemes: the zero fiber of the universal-coefficient family recovers the cluster-complex Stanley-Reisner ideal, and the universal family can be realized as a (semi)universal deformation of the cluster SR-scheme, under suitable positivity and rank hypotheses. Consequences include that all finite-type cluster algebras are Gorenstein, skew-symmetric ones are unobstructed, and, when enough frozen variables are present, torus-invariant deformations vanish; the results also connect to Gröbner theory and generalize Gram–Bossinger–Mohammadi–Nájera Chávez-type descriptions to a broad class of examples.
Abstract
We study the deformation theory of the Stanley-Reisner rings associated to cluster complexes for skew-symmetrizable cluster algebras of geometric and finite cluster type. In particular, we show that in the skew-symmetric case, these cluster complexes are unobstructed, generalizing a result of Ilten and Christophersen in the $A_n$ case. We also study the connection between cluster algebras with universal coefficients and cluster complexes. We show that for a full rank positively graded cluster algebra $\mathcal{A}$ of geometric and finite cluster type, the cluster algebra $\mathcal{A}^{\mathrm{univ}}$ with universal coefficients may be recovered as the universal family over a partial closure of a torus orbit in a multigraded Hilbert scheme. Likewise, we show that under suitable hypotheses, the cluster algebra $\mathcal{A}^{\mathrm{univ}}$ may be recovered as the coordinate ring for a certain torus-invariant semiuniversal deformation of the Stanley-Reisner ring of the cluster complex. We apply these results to show that for any cluster algebra $\mathcal{A}$ of geometric and finite cluster type, $\mathcal{A}$ is Gorenstein, and $\mathcal{A}$ is unobstructed if it is skew-symmetric. Moreover, if $\mathcal{A}$ has enough frozen variables then it has no non-trivial torus-invariant deformations. We also study the Gröbner theory of the ideal of relations among cluster and frozen variables of $\mathcal{A}$. As a byproduct we generalize previous results in this setting obtained by Bossinger, Mohammadi and Nájera Chávez for Grassmannians of planes and $\text{Gr}(3,6)$.