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Limiting First Order Phase Transitions in Dark Gauge Sectors from Gravitational Waves experiments

Andrea Addazi

TL;DR

The paper investigates indirect tests of first-order phase transitions in hidden gauge sectors by gravitational waves, focusing on a dark standard model with a $Z_{2}$ symmetry and non-perturbative Higgs operators that lower barriers and trigger a dark electroweak phase transition at the weak scale. It links the phase transition to dark electroweak baryogenesis via CP-violating phases on bubble walls, predicting a dark baryon asymmetry and gravitational wave production from bubble collisions. The resulting GW spectra depend on the transition temperature, bubble dynamics, and dark degrees of freedom, and can be within reach of next-generation detectors like eLISA and DECIGO for viable ranges such as $v \geq \Lambda \geq 1\ \mathrm{TeV}$, with extra considerations on asymmetric reheating to satisfy BBN constraints. The work discusses possible UV completions and emphasizes gravitational wave astronomy as a probe of dark matter genesis.

Abstract

We discuss the possibility to indirectly test First Order Phase Transitions of hidden sectors. We study the interesting example of a {\it dark standard model} with a deformed parameter space in the Higgs potential. A dark electroweak phase transition can be limited from next future experiments like eLISA and DECIGO.

Limiting First Order Phase Transitions in Dark Gauge Sectors from Gravitational Waves experiments

TL;DR

The paper investigates indirect tests of first-order phase transitions in hidden gauge sectors by gravitational waves, focusing on a dark standard model with a symmetry and non-perturbative Higgs operators that lower barriers and trigger a dark electroweak phase transition at the weak scale. It links the phase transition to dark electroweak baryogenesis via CP-violating phases on bubble walls, predicting a dark baryon asymmetry and gravitational wave production from bubble collisions. The resulting GW spectra depend on the transition temperature, bubble dynamics, and dark degrees of freedom, and can be within reach of next-generation detectors like eLISA and DECIGO for viable ranges such as , with extra considerations on asymmetric reheating to satisfy BBN constraints. The work discusses possible UV completions and emphasizes gravitational wave astronomy as a probe of dark matter genesis.

Abstract

We discuss the possibility to indirectly test First Order Phase Transitions of hidden sectors. We study the interesting example of a {\it dark standard model} with a deformed parameter space in the Higgs potential. A dark electroweak phase transition can be limited from next future experiments like eLISA and DECIGO.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 4 sections, 43 equations, 1 figure.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Model
  3. Dark Electroweak Baryogenesis and Gravitational waves
  4. Conclusions and remarks

Figures (1)

  • Figure 1: GW spectra $h^{2}\Omega_{GW}$ as function of GW frequency is displayed in scale log-log scale $\left(\log_{10}(f[Hz]),\log_{10}\,(h^{2}\Omega_{GW}^{2})\right)$ for various non-perturbative scales $\Lambda=590,600,650\, \rm GeV$, (conventionally) assuming $(\kappa_{1}+\kappa_{3})=1$, $(\kappa_{2}+\kappa_{3})=1$, $(\kappa_{2}+\kappa_{4})=1$. In Green and Blue, we display the approximated expected experimental sensitivity of future GW interferometers eLISA C1 Caprini:2015zlo and U-DECIGO Kudoh:2005as respectively.