Recent progress in hadron structure from Lattice QCD
Martha Constantinou
TL;DR
This paper surveys recent progress in hadron structure from lattice QCD, focusing on nucleon matrix elements, axial and tensor charges, and the spin decomposition, including disconnected contributions. It highlights advances enabling simulations near physical pion masses, nonperturbative renormalization, and innovative direct approaches to PDFs through quasi-distributions, as well as gluon moments and the neutron EDM. Key findings include $g_A$ values at the physical point that approach experimental data, consistent $g_T$ results across lattice setups, partial progress in determining gluon momentum fractions, and viable strategies for extracting PDFs from lattice data. The work underscores significant progress toward first-principles predictions to guide experiments and constrain beyond-the-Standard-Model physics, while acknowledging challenges in noise control, operator mixing, and continuum extrapolation.
Abstract
We review recent progress in hadron structure using lattice QCD simulations, with main focus in the evaluation of nucleon quantities such as the axial and tensor charges, and the spin con- tent of the nucleon, using simulations at pion masses close to the physical value. We highlight developments on the evaluation of the gluon moment, a new direct approach to compute quark parton distributions functions on the lattice, as well as, the neutron electric dipole moment. A discussion of the systematic uncertainties and the computation of the disconnected contributions using dynamical simulations is also included.