The unconditional RG flow of the relativistic holographic fluid

TL;DR

The paper investigates how holographic renormalization group flow manifests in the fluid/gravity duality for asymptotically AdS spacetimes by allowing fluctuations of the induced metric and Brown-York stress tensor on a radial cut-off. It demonstrates that, at leading order in the derivative expansion, the boundary energy-momentum tensor on any radial slice maintains a relativistic hydrodynamic form and that the RG flow corresponds to field redefinitions of the boundary hydrodynamic variables, independent of explicit boundary conditions. The authors analyze counter-terms and hypersurface choices, finding that the shear-viscosity-to-entropy-density ratio remains invariant along the flow and is fixed by horizon regularity, while the speed of sound diverges at the horizon. These results support a Wilsonian viewpoint on holographic renormalization for fluids and point to several open questions, including higher-order extensions and the behavior of non-hydrodynamic data.

Abstract

We study asymptotically slowly varying perturbations of the AdS black brane in Einstein's gravity with a negative cosmological constant. We allow both the induced metric and the Brown-York stress tensor at a given radial cut-off slice to fluctuate. These fluctuations, which determine the radial evolution of the metric, are parametrized in terms of boundary data. We observe that the renormalized energy-momentum tensor at any radial slice takes the standard hydrodynamic form which is relativistically covariant with respect to the induced metric. The RG flow of the fluid takes the form of field redefinitions of the boundary hydrodynamic variables. To show this, up to first order in the derivative expansion, we only need to investigate the radial flow of the boundary data and do not need to impose constraints on them. Imposing the constraints gives unforced nonlinear hydrodynamic equations at any radial slice. Along the way we make a careful study of the choice of counter-terms and hypersurfaces involved in defining the holographic RG flow, while at the same time we do not explicitly set any boundary condition either at the cut-off or at the horizon. We find that η/s does not change along the RG flow, equaling 1/(4π) when the future horizon is regular. We also analyze the flow of the speed of sound and find that it diverges at the horizon.