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A Search for Hidden Sector Photons with ADMX

A. Wagner, G. Rybka, M. Hotz, L. J Rosenberg, S. J. Asztalos, G. Carosi, C. Hagmann, D. Kinion, K. van Bibber, J. Hoskins, C. Martin, P. Sikivie, D. B. Tanner, R. Bradley, J. Clarke

TL;DR

The axion dark matter experiment detector was used to search for hidden vector bosons originating in an emitter cavity driven with microwave power, and it is confirmed that these bosons mix kinetically with standard model photons, providing a means for electromagnetic power to pass through conducting barriers.

Abstract

Hidden U(1) gauge symmetries are common to many extensions of the Standard Model proposed to explain dark matter. The hidden gauge vector bosons of such extensions may mix kinetically with Standard Model photons, providing a means for electromagnetic power to pass through conducting barriers. The ADMX detector was used to search for hidden vector bosons originating in an emitter cavity driven with microwave power. We exclude hidden vector bosons with kinetic couplings χ > 3.48x10-8 for masses less than 3 μeV. This limit represents an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude in sensitivity relative to previous cavity experiments.

A Search for Hidden Sector Photons with ADMX

TL;DR

The axion dark matter experiment detector was used to search for hidden vector bosons originating in an emitter cavity driven with microwave power, and it is confirmed that these bosons mix kinetically with standard model photons, providing a means for electromagnetic power to pass through conducting barriers.

Abstract

Hidden U(1) gauge symmetries are common to many extensions of the Standard Model proposed to explain dark matter. The hidden gauge vector bosons of such extensions may mix kinetically with Standard Model photons, providing a means for electromagnetic power to pass through conducting barriers. The ADMX detector was used to search for hidden vector bosons originating in an emitter cavity driven with microwave power. We exclude hidden vector bosons with kinetic couplings χ > 3.48x10-8 for masses less than 3 μeV. This limit represents an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude in sensitivity relative to previous cavity experiments.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 6 equations, 4 figures.

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Magnitude of the dimensionless coefficient $G$ given in Eq. (\ref{['eq:G']}) as a function of relative paraphoton wave number. The curve is specific to this experiment (Fig. \ref{['fig:Exp']}).
  • Figure 2: Diagram of the ADMX paraphoton search. Photons mix into paraphotons in the emitter cavity and back into photons in the detector cavity. The power deposited by photons in the detector cavity is read out by an antenna and amplified within the cryostat.
  • Figure 3: Excess power measured in the ADMX cavity as a function of frequency in MHz. Bins are 125 Hz wide. The emitter cavity is driven at 722.725 MHz and paraphoton mixing would be detected as a peak above the noise power in that bin (arrow).
  • Figure 4: Limits on the kinetic coupling of the paraphoton as a function of mass at the $95\%$ confidence level. The ADMX limit is shown as dark shading. An earlier microwave cavity limit Tobar is shown as medium shading. The limit from Coulomb's law deviations BartlettWilliams is shown as light shading.