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Flavor Physics Constraints for Physics Beyond the Standard Model

Gino Isidori, Yosef Nir, Gilad Perez

TL;DR

This work reviews how flavor physics constrains physics beyond the Standard Model, arguing that current measurements favor CKM-like flavor violation with NP at the TeV scale requiring highly non-generic flavor structures. It advocates a model-independent EFT approach to NP via higher-dimensional operators, and highlights Minimal Flavor Violation as a robust mechanism to suppress FCNCs in many NP scenarios. The analysis shows strong ΔF=2 bounds pushing NP scales well above the TeV range for generic operators, while MFV and alignment can accommodate TeV-scale new dynamics with distinctive experimental signatures. The paper also discusses supersymmetric and extra-dimensional frameworks, emphasizing how flavor observables, EDMs, and collider constraints jointly shape viable models. Looking ahead, substantial improvements in flavor measurements and continued LHC data will illuminate the flavor structure of any new physics and potentially solve the longstanding flavor puzzle.

Abstract

In the last decade, huge progress in experimentally measuring and theoretically understanding flavor physics has been achieved. In particular, the accuracy in the determination of the CKM elements has been greatly improved, and a large number of flavor changing neutral current processes, involving b -> d, b -> s and c -> u transitions, and of CP violating asymmetries, have been measured. No evidence for new physics has been established. Consequently, strong constraints on new physics at high scale apply. In particular, the flavor structure of new physics at the TeV scale is strongly constrained. We review these constraints and we discuss which are the future prospects to better understand the flavor structure of physics beyond the Standard Model.

Flavor Physics Constraints for Physics Beyond the Standard Model

TL;DR

This work reviews how flavor physics constrains physics beyond the Standard Model, arguing that current measurements favor CKM-like flavor violation with NP at the TeV scale requiring highly non-generic flavor structures. It advocates a model-independent EFT approach to NP via higher-dimensional operators, and highlights Minimal Flavor Violation as a robust mechanism to suppress FCNCs in many NP scenarios. The analysis shows strong ΔF=2 bounds pushing NP scales well above the TeV range for generic operators, while MFV and alignment can accommodate TeV-scale new dynamics with distinctive experimental signatures. The paper also discusses supersymmetric and extra-dimensional frameworks, emphasizing how flavor observables, EDMs, and collider constraints jointly shape viable models. Looking ahead, substantial improvements in flavor measurements and continued LHC data will illuminate the flavor structure of any new physics and potentially solve the longstanding flavor puzzle.

Abstract

In the last decade, huge progress in experimentally measuring and theoretically understanding flavor physics has been achieved. In particular, the accuracy in the determination of the CKM elements has been greatly improved, and a large number of flavor changing neutral current processes, involving b -> d, b -> s and c -> u transitions, and of CP violating asymmetries, have been measured. No evidence for new physics has been established. Consequently, strong constraints on new physics at high scale apply. In particular, the flavor structure of new physics at the TeV scale is strongly constrained. We review these constraints and we discuss which are the future prospects to better understand the flavor structure of physics beyond the Standard Model.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 12 sections, 49 equations, 2 figures, 8 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The Standard Model
  3. Model Independent Constraints
  4. Bounds from $\Delta F=2$ down-type transitions
  5. Correlations between $K$ and $D$ mixing
  6. Top Physics
  7. Minimal Flavor Violation
  8. MFV at large $\tan\beta$.
  9. MFV with additional flavor-diagonal phases
  10. Supersymmetry
  11. Extra Dimensions
  12. Future Prospects

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: Allowed region in the $\rho,\eta$ plane. Superimposed are the individual constraints from charmless semileptonic $B$ decays ($|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|$), mass differences in the $B^0$ ($\Delta m_d$) and $B_s$ ($\Delta m_s$) neutral meson systems, and CP violation in $K\to\pi\pi$ ($\varepsilon_K$), $B\to\psi K$ ($\sin2\beta$), $B\to\pi\pi,\rho\pi,\rho\rho$ ($\alpha$), and $B\to DK$ ($\gamma$). Taken from ckmfitter.
  • Figure 2: Constraints on the effective parameters encoding NP effects in $B_d$--$\overline{B}_d$ mixing and $K^0$--$\overline{K^0}$ mixing as obtained by the UTfit collaboration Bona:2007vi.