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Dark Matter as the signal of Grand Unification

Mario Kadastik, Kristjan Kannike, Martti Raidal

TL;DR

This work embeds Dark Matter in a non-supersymmetric $SO(10)$ Grand Unified Theory by exploiting a surviving $Z_2$ matter parity that forces DM to reside in the scalar ${f 16}$ representation. The authors develop a minimal model with a scalar ${f 16}$ (DM) and a scalar ${f 10}$ (Higgs), derive the full one-loop RGEs, and impose vacuum-stability and perturbativity constraints up to the GUT scale $M_G\sim 2\times10^{16}$ GeV. They find radiative electroweak symmetry breaking driven by DM–Higgs couplings and predict a thermal DM mass window $oldsymbol{M_{ ext{DM}}}\in\,[70~\text{GeV},\ 2~\text{TeV}]$, with a calculable lower bound on the spin-independent direct detection cross section for $oldsymbol{M_{ ext{DM}}\sim 1~\text{TeV}}$ that falls within planned experiments. If DM decays address cosmic-ray anomalies, the model also yields a nonzero lower bound on direct detection signals, linking terrestrial DM searches to high-scale GUT structure. Together, the results illustrate a coherent GUT-based origin for DM, neutrino masses, and baryogenesis with testable phenomenology in both direct and indirect detection.

Abstract

We argue that the existence of Dark Matter (DM) is a possible consequence of GUT symmetry breaking. In GUTs like SO(10), discrete Z_2 matter parity (-1)^{3(B-L)} survives despite of broken B-L, and group theory uniquely determines that the only possible Z_2-odd matter multiplets belong to representation 16. We construct the minimal non-SUSY SO(10) model containing one scalar 16 for DM and study its predictions below M_{G}. We find that EWSB occurs radiatively due to DM couplings to the SM Higgs boson. For thermal relic DM the mass range M_{DM}\sim (0.1-1) TeV is predicted by model perturbativity up to M_{G}. For M_{DM}\sim (1) TeV to explain the observed cosmic ray anomalies with DM decays, there exists a lower bound on the spin-independent direct detection cross section within the reach of planned experiments.

Dark Matter as the signal of Grand Unification

TL;DR

This work embeds Dark Matter in a non-supersymmetric Grand Unified Theory by exploiting a surviving matter parity that forces DM to reside in the scalar representation. The authors develop a minimal model with a scalar (DM) and a scalar (Higgs), derive the full one-loop RGEs, and impose vacuum-stability and perturbativity constraints up to the GUT scale GeV. They find radiative electroweak symmetry breaking driven by DM–Higgs couplings and predict a thermal DM mass window , with a calculable lower bound on the spin-independent direct detection cross section for that falls within planned experiments. If DM decays address cosmic-ray anomalies, the model also yields a nonzero lower bound on direct detection signals, linking terrestrial DM searches to high-scale GUT structure. Together, the results illustrate a coherent GUT-based origin for DM, neutrino masses, and baryogenesis with testable phenomenology in both direct and indirect detection.

Abstract

We argue that the existence of Dark Matter (DM) is a possible consequence of GUT symmetry breaking. In GUTs like SO(10), discrete Z_2 matter parity (-1)^{3(B-L)} survives despite of broken B-L, and group theory uniquely determines that the only possible Z_2-odd matter multiplets belong to representation 16. We construct the minimal non-SUSY SO(10) model containing one scalar 16 for DM and study its predictions below M_{G}. We find that EWSB occurs radiatively due to DM couplings to the SM Higgs boson. For thermal relic DM the mass range M_{DM}\sim (0.1-1) TeV is predicted by model perturbativity up to M_{G}. For M_{DM}\sim (1) TeV to explain the observed cosmic ray anomalies with DM decays, there exists a lower bound on the spin-independent direct detection cross section within the reach of planned experiments.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 8 sections, 10 equations, 3 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. DM, leptogenesis and seesaw mechanism
  3. Minimal SO(10) GUT induced DM model
  4. Vacuum stability constraints
  5. RGE analyses
  6. Predictions for DM mass and direct detection cross section
  7. DM indirect detection
  8. Conclusions

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: An example of $\lambda_i$ running from $M_G$ to $M_Z.$ All $\lambda_{i}$ not suppressed by $SO(10)$ boundary conditions Eq. (\ref{['bc2']}) are shown.
  • Figure 2: An example of $\mu_{1,2,S}$ running from $M_G$ to $M_Z.$ Dashed line represents negative values of $\mu^2_1$ inducing EWSB.
  • Figure 3: DM direct detection cross-section per nucleon vs. $M_{\mathrm{DM}}$. Color shows SM Higgs masses from 115 GeV (red) to 170 GeV (violet). The points shown encompass the whole parameter space allowed by theoretical and experimental constraints.