Brownian motion in AdS/CFT
Jan de Boer, Veronika E. Hubeny, Mukund Rangamani, Masaki Shigemori
TL;DR
The paper addresses how Brownian motion and dissipation emerge in strongly coupled gauge theories via AdS/CFT by modeling a test quark as a probe string in Schwarzschild-AdS. It links boundary Langevin dynamics to bulk Hawking-type fluctuations (random force) and horizon absorption (friction), providing a bulk derivation of the fluctuation-dissipation relation. The work clarifies the microscopic bulk mechanisms behind stochastic boundary motion and situates Brownian dynamics within the broader membrane paradigm and fluid-gravity correspondence. This establishes a concrete holographic framework for understanding microphysical dissipative processes in thermal plasmas.
Abstract
We study Brownian motion and the associated Langevin equation in AdS/CFT. The Brownian particle is realized in the bulk spacetime as a probe fundamental string in an asymptotically AdS black hole background, stretching between the AdS boundary and the horizon. The modes on the string are excited by the thermal black hole environment and consequently the string endpoint at the boundary undergoes an erratic motion, which is identified with an external quark in the boundary CFT exhibiting Brownian motion. Semiclassically, the modes on the string are thermally excited due to Hawking radiation, which translates into the random force appearing in the boundary Langevin equation, while the friction in the Langevin equation corresponds to the excitation on the string being absorbed by the black hole. We give a bulk proof of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem relating the random force and friction. This work can be regarded as a step toward understanding the quantum microphysics underlying the fluid-gravity correspondence. We also initiate a study of the properties of the effective membrane or stretched horizon picture of black holes using our bulk description of Brownian motion.