Large Top Mass and Non-Linear Representation of Flavour Symmetry

TL;DR

The dominance of certain flavor structures in rare quark decays can be understood in terms of the 1/Lambda expansion in the ET, which introduces Goldstone modes for the partly broken flavor symmetry and spurion fields transforming under the residual symmetry.

Abstract

We consider an effective theory (ET) approach to flavour-violating processes beyond the Standard Model (SM), where the breaking of flavour symmetry is described by spurion fields whose low-energy vacuum expectation values are identified with the SM Yukawa couplings. Insisting on canonical mass dimensions for the spurion fields, the large top-quark Yukawa coupling also implies a large expectation value for the associated spurion, which breaks part of the flavour symmetry already at the UV scale Lambda of the ET. Below that scale, flavour symmetry in the ET is represented in a non-linear way by introducing Goldstone modes for the partly broken flavour symmetry and spurion fields transforming under the residual symmetry. As a result, the dominance of certain flavour structures in rare quark decays can be understood in terms of the 1/Lambda expansion in the ET. We also discuss the generalization to 2-Higgs-doublet models with large tan(beta).