PVLAS experiment, star cooling and BBN constraints: Possible interpretation with temperature dependent gauge symmetry breaking

Abstract

It is known that the kinetic mixing of photon and another U(1)_ex gauge boson can introduce millicharged particles. Millicharged particles $f$ of mass 0.1 eV can explain the PVLAS experiment. We suggest a temperature dependent gauge symmetry breaking of U(1)_ex for this idea to be consistent with astrophysical and cosmological constraints.

Figures (3)

• Figure 1: Feynman diagrams leading to photon conversions in a magnetic field.
• Figure 2: Mixing of U(1)$_{\rm em}$ and U(1)$_{\rm ex}$ gauge bosons through a heavy particle $F$.
• Figure 3: Typical scales of masses and critical temperatures.